Deep Space Radiations

The cosmos is full of radiation outside the protective shield of the Earth’s atmosphere, and this shield prevents the entering of harmful space radiation into the Earth. These Space radiations are different from that at Earth’s surface, and these are mostly Ionizing radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from the orbits of atoms resulting in charged particles. Space radiation is composed of atoms in which electrons have been stripped away as the atom accelerated in interstellar space. 

Naturally occurring three types of space radiation: trapped radiation, galactic cosmic radiation, and solar particle events.

Galactic Cosmic Radiation:

This radiation is one form of ionizing radiation, and it is thought to come out of the solar system, supernovae, or exploding stars. GCR is composed of the nuclei of those atoms that have had their surrounding electrons stripped away and are traveling at nearly the speed of light. While this radiation has low intensity, the particles associated with galactic cosmic radiation have a high level of energy and cannot be shielded with current spacecraft design technologies.

Ref: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10790

Solar Particle Events:

It’s the injection of stream of energetic electrons, protons, alpha particles and other particles released from the surface of Sun into the space, and these are accelerated by the shock waves which precede fast coronal mass ejections. These events are very difficult to predict, so there is often little time to prepare for their arrival. Because the energy of this radiation is relatively low, it is easier to protect space instruments and devices from this radiation.

Ref: https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/schematic-depiction-coronal-mass-ejection-headed-toward-earth-and-its-surrounding

Trapped Radiation:

It occurs when radiation and particles emitted from the surface of Sun and travels approximates 1 million miles per hour, and the particles become trapped in Earth’s magnetic field. This type of radiation has no significant effects on space devices outside of Earth’s magnetic field.

Ref: http://csmantech.pairserver.com/Workshops/0008_final-kayali.htm

References:

• https://srag.jsc.nasa.gov/spaceradiation/What/What.cfm
• https://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/postsecondary/features/F_Understanding_Space_Radiation.html